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// header (not used)
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dataDB[0][0]='Question'
dataDB[0][1]='Answer1'
dataDB[0][2]='Answer2'
dataDB[0][3]='Answer3'
dataDB[0][4]='Correct'
dataDB[0][5]='Description'
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// Q1
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dataDB[1][0]='How do we tell obverse (head) of coins from reverse (tail) in Japan Mint?'
dataDB[1][1]='We recognize obverse (head) by patterns.'
dataDB[1][2]='We recognize obverse (head) by word \'Japan\'.'
dataDB[1][3]='We recognize reverse (tail) by minted year.'
dataDB[1][4]='3'
dataDB[1][5]='The present law and government ordinances do not determine which side the obverse is.\nHowever, in working practice we call the side with minted year \'reverse (tail)\'.'
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// Q2
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dataDB[2][0]='How many coins of the same denomination can you use at one time in daily transactions?'
dataDB[2][1]='Up to 10 coins'
dataDB[2][2]='Up to 20 coins'
dataDB[2][3]='Up to 30 coins'
dataDB[2][4]='2'
dataDB[2][5]='According to the Japanese currency Law, maximum pieces of up to 20 coins of the same denomination can be used as legal tender.'
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// Q3
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dataDB[3][0]='Which was the monetary system in the Edo era?'
dataDB[3][1]='quaternary system'
dataDB[3][2]='decimal system'
dataDB[3][3]='icosadecimal system'
dataDB[3][4]='1'
dataDB[3][5]='Now we use the decimal system.\nFor example, ten pieces of one-yen coins have the same value as one piece of ten-yen coin.\nIn the Edo period, however, the quaternary system was used.\nFour "one-shu" coins were equal to "one-bu" coin and four "one-bu" coins were equal to a "one-ryou" coin.\n1 ryou (koban, a small gold coin) = 4bu = 16shu = zeni 4000 mon (4 kan-mon)\n1 bu = 4 shu = zeni 1000 mon (1 kan-mon)\n1 shu = zeni 250 mon'
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// Q4
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dataDB[4][0]='Which of the following was found on the bed of the Yodo River in Osaka and exists only in the Mint Museum (in Osaka) ?'
dataDB[4][1]='a silver ingot'
dataDB[4][2]='"Hirumo-gold"'
dataDB[4][3]='"Takenagashi-gold"'
dataDB[4][4]='3'
dataDB[4][5]='One summer day in Showa 10 (1935), an old man was gathering freshwater clams at the Yodo River in Osaka (It is now called the Ohkawa River.)and found gold coins.\nThey were taken to Japan Mint to be examined, and they were proved to be "Takenagashi-gold", which weighted 31 "monome" (116.25g) and was of 18-carat gold, an alloy of gold and silver.\nIt is said that a gang of roguish samurais robbed military funds of Osaka Castle which was about to fall during the war in May, Genwa 1 (1615) and mistakenly dropped them into the river while they were carrying them in a boat.'
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// Q5
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dataDB[5][0]='Which was the exchange rate of gold to silver in a foreign country when Japan opened itself to a foreign exchange (1858)?'
dataDB[5][1]='1 to 10'
dataDB[5][2]='1 to 15'
dataDB[5][3]='1 to 25'
dataDB[5][4]='2'
dataDB[5][5]='In Ansei 5 (1858) the Tokugawa shogunate did not know foreign affairs well, so they concluded unequal treaties (the Commercial Treaty) with foreign countries without sufficient examination.\nJapan was obliged to open itself to foreign exchange and a good amount of gold coins left Japanese soil.\nThis was because the exchange rate of gold to silver was quite different between the domestic market and the foreign market.\nInside Japan, the rate of gold to silver was 1 to 5, but in other countries it was 1 to 15.\nFirst, foreigners exchanged their silver for gold in Japan.\nNext, they returned to their country and exchanged their gold for silver there, In this way, they could gain three times more silver than the original amount.'
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// Q6
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dataDB[6][0]='Once Fujiwara Kiyohira built a temple covered with gold leaf.\nWhat is it?'
dataDB[6][1]='Ryousendo Hall (Dragon fountain Hall)'
dataDB[6][2]='Kiyohirado Hall (Kiyohira Hall)'
dataDB[6][3]='Konjikido Hall (Golden Hall)'
dataDB[6][4]='3'
dataDB[6][5]='Once upon a time, around the Kiyohira basin (Iwate pref.), which produced gold dust, the Fujiwara family in Oshu area was at their peak of glory.\nThe Fujiwaras had a hall built in Chusonji Temple of Hiraizumi by using the gold dust in 1124 and it is called Konjikido Hall.\nSince a great amount of foreign money that supported the Japanese economy was exchanged for gold, pearls, etc., Marco Polo introduced Japan as "the golden country, Jipang" in his book.'
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// Q7
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dataDB[7][0]='The fineness of gold is represented by the letter "K" of the alphabet.\nWhat does "K " stand for ?'
dataDB[7][1]='Crit'
dataDB[7][2]='Carat'
dataDB[7][3]='Corinth'
dataDB[7][4]='2'
dataDB[7][5]='Carat is the amount of gold contained in an alloy.\nPure gold is represented by 24K.\nFor example, 14K gold is an alloy containing 14 parts by weight of gold over 24 parts of total weight and it is sometimes called 14-carat gold.\nCarat is also the unit of mass of jewelry.\n1K is equal to 200mg.'
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// Q8
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dataDB[8][0]='When were the units of, "sen" and "rin", which had been settled by the Meiji government, abolished.'
dataDB[8][1]='Showa 23 (1948)'
dataDB[8][2]='Showa 28 (1953)'
dataDB[8][3]='Showa 33 (1958)'
dataDB[8][4]='2'
dataDB[8][5]='After World War II, inflation went on and "sen" and "rin" lost their practical use as currency.\nA law on rearrangement of small change units and a method of rounding a fraction of payment (Art. 60)  was established in July, Showa 28 (1953).\nThis law quickly dealt with the latest state of the market, and regulated "subsidiary" of 50 "sen", and " a Bank of Japan bill" of 10 "sen" and 5 "sen".\nThey also stopped issuing bills with less value than 1 yen.'
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// Q9
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dataDB[9][0]='In the closing ceremony of one of the grand sumo tournaments, the president of Japan Mint hands a trophy to the champion.\nWhich tournament is it?'
dataDB[9][1]='the summer tournament (Tokyo)'
dataDB[9][2]='the spring tournament (Osaka)'
dataDB[9][3]='the autumn tournament (Nagoya)'
dataDB[9][4]='2'
dataDB[9][5]='Since Showa 23 (1948), the president of Japan Mint has handed a trophy to the winner of the spring sumo tournament held in Osaka.\nThe real trophy is used only in the ceremony and a replica is presented to each champion afterward.\nBut since Heisei 11 (1999), When Wakanohana won the championship of the spring tournament, a relief of the champion made in Japan Mint has been presented instead of a trophy replica.'
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// Q10
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dataDB[10][0]='What do you call the mark stamped in Japan Mint on precious metal products to certify their fineness ?'
dataDB[10][1]='JIS mark'
dataDB[10][2]='ISO mark'
dataDB[10][3]='hallmark'
dataDB[10][4]='3'
dataDB[10][5]='Around the 14th century, a guild of goldsmiths built a hall (Goldsmith\'s Hall) in London.\nIn this hall, they examined precious-metal products (ring, necklaces, etc.) which the guildmen made and stamped a mark on certified products to maintain credibility in the products.\nThe origin of the word "hallmark" comes from the fact that they stamped a mark in the hall.\nIn order to secure the trading of precious metal wares, Japan Mint has stamped hallmarks since Showa 4 (1929).'
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// Q11
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dataDB[11][0]='How wide (in diameter) is a current 1 yen coin?'
dataDB[11][1]='1 cm'
dataDB[11][2]='2cm'
dataDB[11][3]='3cm'
dataDB[11][4]='2'
dataDB[11][5]='Diameters of the coins now in production are as follows: 500 yen nickel-brass coin - 2.65cm, 100 yen cupro-nickel coin - 2.26cm, 50 yen cupro-nickel coin - 2.1cm, 10 yen bronze coin - 2.35cm, 5 yen brass coin - 2.26, 1 yen aluminum coin - 2.0cm. As you can see, the 1 yen coin is the smallest.'
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// Q12
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dataDB[12][0]='How much does a 1 yen coin weigh?'
dataDB[12][1]='1g'
dataDB[12][2]='2gs'
dataDB[12][3]='3gs'
dataDB[12][4]='1'
dataDB[12][5]='Each coin currently in production weighs as follows: 500 yen nickel-brass coin - 7g, 10 yen cupro-nickel coin - 4.8g, 50 yen cupro-nickel coin - 4g, 10 yen bronze coin - 4.5g, 5 yen brass coin - 3.75g, and 1 yen aluminum coin - 1g. As you can see, the 1 yen coin is the lightest.'
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// Q13
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dataDB[13][0]='A temple is described on the obverse of 10 yen coins, In which prefecture is the temple located?'
dataDB[13][1]='Nara'
dataDB[13][2]='Osaka'
dataDB[13][3]='Kyoto'
dataDB[13][4]='3'
dataDB[13][5]='The design you can see on the obverse of the 10 yen brass coin is the Phoneix Hall of Byodo-in temple situated in Uji city, Kyoto prefecture. On the reverse side of the coin the pattern of evergreen tree (Tokiwagi in Japanese) leaves is engraved. This coin was first issued in 1951.'
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// Q14
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dataDB[14][0]='What building is designed on the obverse side of a non-holed 5 yen coin which is still used?'
dataDB[14][1]='Toko Tower'
dataDB[14][2]='The Diet Building'
dataDB[14][3]='The Imperial Palace'
dataDB[14][4]='2'
dataDB[14][5]='The non-holed 5 yen coins were manufactured during a very short time between 1948 and 1949. Although this coin features the Diet building and arabesque design on the obverse and pigeion and Japanese apricot blossom on the reverse side. Holed 5 yen coins with "ear of rice" pattern have been widely in circulation since 1949.'
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// Q15
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dataDB[15][0]='In the Edo era when the coins made of gold, so-called Koban in Japanese, were manufactured, it was undertaken to make a sample in advance for ensuring the quality, color and die accuracy.  What was the sample called?'
dataDB[15][1]='Tehon-Kin (Sample Gold)'
dataDB[15][2]='Nobeita-Kin (Plate Gold)'
dataDB[15][3]='Hanaoshi-Kin (Flower-Pressed Gold)'
dataDB[15][4]='1'
dataDB[15][5]='Before producing a new coin, its color and die pattern was confirmed by alloy samples. The size of the sample varies. The denomination was written or engraved on the surface of rectangular Sample Gold.'
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// Q16
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dataDB[16][0]='Shingen Takeda, the heroic feudal warlord of Japanese civil war period in the 14th century, governed his own goldmine. What is the name of the coins manufactured at his direction in those days?'
dataDB[16][1]='Sekishu Gold'
dataDB[16][2]='Ushu Gold'
dataDB[16][3]='Koshu Gold'
dataDB[16][4]='3'
dataDB[16][5]='Koshu stands for the location where the warlord Shingen Takeda governed. He had skilled workers, namely Kinzan-shu (goldmine folks), who were capable to dig quite a big amount of high quality gold from the mine. He also established the well-organized monetary system in his land, which was passed on to the next epoch, the Edo era.'
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// Q17
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dataDB[17][0]='The name of Bundo-Kin (Bundof Gold) is derived from its shape like a sash weight.  Bundo exactly means a sash weight in Japanese. The shape is also utilized as a symbol on a current map.  So what does it stand for?'
dataDB[17][1]='Hospital'
dataDB[17][2]='School'
dataDB[17][3]='Bank'
dataDB[17][4]='3'
dataDB[17][5]='The origin of a bank is an exchange house.  Since in the past, changers valued coins by confirming how heavy they were, they used to scale coins with sash weights. On the basis of this background, the shape of sash weight is used to indicate a bank in a current map.'
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// Q18
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dataDB[18][0]='How were ancient coins manufactured?'
dataDB[18][1]='By pressing patterns'
dataDB[18][2]='By pouring alloy into a mold'
dataDB[18][3]='By tapping to form the shapes'
dataDB[18][4]='2'
dataDB[18][5]='In ancient time, people minted coins by pouring lead into a mold made of clay. After cooled down, the clay mold was detached and ramal-shaped coins were left.  They were separated into each piece and finely finished by grinding its periphery.'